Short Stay Visa(up to 90 days) and Provisional Residence Permit (stay longer than 90 days)

A short stay visa is a Schengen Visa which entitles the holder to stay in the Schengen countries for a maximum period of three months within 6 months.
The reason for coming to the Netherlands may be a holiday, a business trip, visiting friends or family or participation in a congress or a sporting event. A Schengen visa permits you, in principle, to travel freely throughout the Schengen Area, for the duration of the validity of your visa.

Taiwanese passport holders, who wish to stay in the Netherlands for longer than three months, must apply for a Provisional Residence Permit (Machtiging tot Voorlopig Verblijf, MVV).

What is Schengen?

Schengen Countries are: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, The Netherlands, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.
Foreign nationals subject to visa requirements for the above countries are eligible to apply for Schengen visitor visas at one of the offices of the member states in Taipei. Such visas are valid for all of the aforementioned countries. However, visas for the French overseas departments and territories may only be applied for from the French Institute.
Applications have to be submitted to the office of the member state constituting the main destination of the intended journey (as defined by the length of stay in the different member states). Should no main destination exist, visas are to be applied for at the office of the member state being the first point of entry into the territory of the Schengen member states.

Who does not require a Schengen Visa?

Whether a prospective visitor rquires a Schengen Visa depends on his nationality and how long he intends to stay in the Netherlands. 

Countries whose nationals do not require a visa for a stay of three months or less:

A.

B. Holders of Hong Kong (SAR CHINA) or Macao (SAR CHINA) passports.

C. Holders of a "family member" residence permit issued by another E.E.A.  member state and Switzerland.

Fore more information :
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Countries whose nationals do need for all Schengen countries an airport transit visa:

• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Congo (DR)*
• Eritrea
• Ethiopia
• Ghana **
• Irak
• Iran
• Nigeria **
• Pakistan
• Somalia
• Sri Lanka

  * Exempted for Belgium provided the Guinean national/Guinean passport holder has a valid visa

     for one of the EER States, Andorra, Canada, Japan, Monaco, San Marino, the United States or

     Switzerland.

** Exempted for the Benelux, Germany, Italy and Spain provided the Nigerian/Ghanese national/

     passport holder has a valid visa for one of the EER States, the United States, Canada, Japan and

     Switzerland.